Start with the operating model, not the label.
The phrase prop desk can mean different things in different markets. In its narrow sense, proprietary trading means a firm trades its own capital rather than managing capital for clients. In practice, the visible work is broader: research, risk limits, execution procedures, supervision and post-trade review all matter.
An online evaluation or funded-account programme may use similar language, but it is a separate commercial model with its own eligibility, fees, rules, simulated or live-account arrangements and payout terms. Treat the label as a prompt for due diligence, not as evidence of a professional pathway.
Retail self-directed trading describes a person operating their own account through an intermediary; it is neither a desk role nor a capital-allocation arrangement. Institutional trading describes roles within organisations that carry responsibilities around execution, client assets, liquidity or oversight. These contexts can share vocabulary without being interchangeable.